From the Baikonur Cosmodrome (Kazakhstan) started on Friday evening (Polish time) ship Soyuz TMA-16M. He took on the International Space Station (ISS), a three-person crew of the Russian-American who was on her after six hours of flight.
The year in space
American Scott Kelly and Russian Mikhail Korniyenko have spent 342 days on the ISS, which lasts twice as long as a standard mission. During this time, they will explore the effects of prolonged exposure in space, in conditions of weightlessness on the human body. This trip will be a foretaste of antycypowanych expeditions to Mars, which may take 2-3 years.
This is the first attempt of the American space agency NASA achieve such a long space flight. Earlier, more than a year in orbit spent four Russians on board the now-defunct Mir station. Record length of stay in space (14 months) is now the Valery Poljakows, which established him in 1994-95.
A comparative study
However, the American experiment has an extra aspect. Scott’s twin brother, Mark Kelly, who is a former astronaut, at the same time on earth will be subjected to medical experiments identical to what Scott. Comparison of the results is shown as twins organisms respond to similar stimuli in terms of space and on Earth. Scott and Mark have after 51 years.
Kornijenko Kelly and they also have to prepare the station for new US manned capsules constructed by private companies. Kelly has repeatedly come out from the station in space.
Body in Space
Under the conditions of weightlessness human bones weaken muscles, like the body’s immune system. Fluids tend to accumulate in the head, which puts additional pressure on the brain and eyes. Emotional problems also arise. About a year’s stay in orbit will enable doctors to determine whether these symptoms worsen or after reaching a peak slowly subside.
shall fall record
The ship, which docked to the ISS on Friday was piloted by a crew commander Gennady Padalka. This cosmonaut beat the record (803 days) period of stay orbital station, which belongs to another Russian cosmonaut Sergei Krikalowa. Padalka will remain on the ISS standard six months.
On the ISS are now American Terry W. Virts, Russian Anton Szkaplerow and an Italian woman Samantha Cristoforetti
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