Blackened, badly damaged, and officially homeless a pair of mummified feet to 3200 years for nearly a century was located in Eisenach Egyptian Museum. He brought them from the Valley of the Queens, together with various artifacts, Italian diplomat and archaeologist Ernesto Schiaparelli. In 1904 he found in it the tomb of the famous beauty of Egypt Nefertari, the first and beloved great Royal Wife of Ramesses II of the nineteenth dynasty, ruling in the years 1279-1213 BC. The tomb was plundered by ancient robbers. Like most others in this part of the tebańskiej necropolis. They took the valuable things and destroyed the mummy in search of gems, hidden under the bandages. A similar fate befell the mumm y of Nefertari. At the entrance to his tomb Schiaparelli found only broken fragments of the sarcophagus, slightly worn, expensive sandals, a few dozen figures uszebti spelled out her name, broken furniture and fell in a pile of rubble mummified feet.
suspected it was the remains of the beautiful Queen, but scientifically no one has proved. Doubt decided to explain to scientists from an international team of United egiptologa Michael Habichta from the Institute of Evolutionary Medicine University of Zurich and Frank Rühli, chief IME. The remains of Nefertari is extremely important, for history and Egyptology, as it is one of the most famous Queens of ancient Egypt – explained in the publication.
the Famous and mysterious
Nefertari is one of the more intriguing characters. Although her name is known to many (and many confuse it with other beauty Nefertiti, wife of Akhenaten, of the XVIII dynasty and the mother of Tutankhamun, who lived about 100 years earlier), it is little known.
Her image is known, in particular, from the temple in Abu Simbel, where a statue of her, it is second in size to the image of the Pharaoh. It was a great honour because, as a rule, large Royal couple were presented as a small form barely reaching the knees of the Lord.
unanswered, however, questions remain: where are they from, who were his parents, what was her childhood, when she was married to Ramses (we only know that he was then still a Prince). In fact, as if it did not exist until 1279. p. n. e., when Ramses II, her husband was Pharaoh. Suddenly became visible in the Chronicles, because, for example, towarzyszła him during various ceremonies and traveling around the country. For more than 25 years of marriage, bore him four sons and four daughters (but children of Ramses II had a lot more; according to different sources, from 100 to 170, spłodzonych with several other first and second wives and numerous nałożnicami).
the last time the presence of Nefertari was seen during the opening ceremony of the temple at Abu Simbel in 24. year of the reign of Ramses II. Then she disappeared. She wasn’t even at home for the Pharaoh’s celebration on the sed, that is, ritual trzydziestolecia. This so-called holiday of rebirth and renewal of Royal power celebrated in 30. the anniversary of his coronation. According to Egyptologists, it could mean that she died. It is not known why. She was 40-50 years.
the Mummy of Nefertari rested in a beautiful sarcophagus of pink granite in the most beautiful in the valley of the Queens tomb, the walls of which were decorated with exceptional beauty paintings depicting the stages of her journey on the Field of Yara, in the Kingdom of Osiris, that is to staroegipskiego Paradise.
What you get from the bones?
the Remains of the Egyptian Museum scientists subjected meticulously radiowęglowym, anthropological, paleopatologicznym, genetic and chemical industry. The services had two pieces of the femur, the patella of the knee and the upper part of the two bones.” Very poor quality.
Found, in particular, based on the size of knee length that they belonged to a slender woman of height 165-168 see Because x-rays of the left knee showed signs of atherosclerosis, acknowledged that it was more than 40 years. If the remains belonged to Nefertari, is in comparison with women from the time of the New Kingdom the Queen was above most of them, about 10-12 cm, and equal growth of most ordinary Egyptian men.
according to scientists, the assertion that it is the remains of Nefertari is more justified when joining their knowledge about egiptologiczną. This is evidenced, according to them, staroegipskie funeral customs, historical data and the evidence found in the tomb. This, in particular, the methods of embalming, used during the ramessydzkich, Royal sandals (for modern size 39-40) are made of grass, palm leaves and papyrus decorated in the style typical of dynasty XVIII and XIX, and also preserved in the tomb fragments of sarcophagus and a few items (figures uszebti, damaged ceramics) on which it is placed had the name of their owner – Nefertari.
DNA Analysis usually failed, however, because the samples were contaminated. And Dating radiowęglowe make a lot of confusion. Showed that the remains may belong to people living up to 200 years before Nefertari. Scientists note, however, that for a long time, the debate continues over the difficulties between the Dating radiowęglowym and model adopted, the chronology of Egypt, and you have to explain them.
the Most likely scenario is that the mummified knees really belongs to Queen Nefertari. But although this identification is plausible, it does not have absolute confidence summed up their research.
In the Valley
Valley of the Queens, is the modern name of the necropolis called the ancient Egyptians, in particular, This Set Neferu, the Place for Beauty. Lies to the left of the Nile (almost directly Luxoru) and in the South-West of the Valley of the Kings. Was founded during the eighteenth dynasty, when it grzebani it was the dead members of noble birth families. During the XIX dynasty became the resting place of the wives of the pharaohs, bearing the title great Royal wife. Pochowaną first there was the Queen Sat-Re, wife of Ramesses I. the Necropolis was used during the XXI dynasty, but not for persons of Royal birth.
Uszebti, it figures in the form of mummies, made generally of porcelain, but also of wood, glass, clay, wax or bronze. In their hands they hold two hoes, on the back they have a pouch. Hidden were in the grave together with the deceased to work instead in an Egyptian Paradise. Figures uszebti took with him to the afterlife and the pharaohs, and ordinary mortals, because all longed for the liberation of his soul from the work.
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