-> ,validPeriod= 2 -> Nobel Prize for fighting parasites This year's Nobel laureates announced in the Karolinska Institute - a medical university in Stockholm. It Nobel Assembly of the Institute decides who should be the prize in medicine. The Assembly includes 50 professors who this year had no doubts. BREAKING NEWS The 2015 #NobelPrize #Medicine William C. CampbellDrewUniversity, Satoshi Omura and Tu Youyou pic.twitter.com/qvH9XFZV7I - The Nobel Prize (NobelPrize) October 5, 2015 This American got the Nobel William C. Campbell and Japanese Satoshi Omura discoveries that led to the creation of drugs to combat diseases caused by parasitic nematodes (share half the prize) and a Chinese woman Tu Youyou for drug discovery for malaria (the other half will receive the award). The very infected with malaria every year 200 million people. In turn, the disease caused by parasitic nematode - including river blindness and elephantiasis - affecting one-third of the world's population. Ghostbusters parasites Satoshi Omura, Japan microbiologist, studied a group of bacteria belonging to actinomycetes (Streptomyces). They are familiar with the fact that they produce antimicrobial compounds (including antibiotics - streptomycin, discovered by Selman Waksman, winner of the Nobel Prize in 1952.). Omura had an exceptional nose for the "good sample". During the studies of high efficiency isolate actinomycetes and ran their laboratory breeding. It was a titanic work involving the collection and examination of thousands of soil samples from various places around the world. Among the thousands of different bacterial cultures Japanese chose the 50 most promising. The samples were examined at the request of the Japanese also working in the USA William C. Campbell, a specialist in parasitology. He demonstrated that a compound from one of the culture Omura (produced by Streptomyces avermitilis) is very effective in combating parasites in animals. The active substance is called avermectin. Over time, this relationship has been slightly modified. Established ivermectin for treating severe parasitic diseases in humans. New drug for malaria At the beginning of last the age of malaria were treated with chloroquine or quinine traditionally, but the effectiveness of this treatment drastically decreased. At the end of 1960. The world could only watch as the disease is spreading. At this time to fight the disease set off a Chinese woman Tu Youyou. An interesting candidate for study seemed to traditional Chinese herb extract of Artemisia annua. In ancient literature, the researcher found instructions on how to isolate the plant extract, so to win it the active ingredient artemisinin. This compound has proven to be very effective in destroying the plasmodia of malaria in both infected animals and humans. Artemisinin were at that time a totally new class of antimalarials, which quickly kill malaria parasites at an early stage of their development. It was a revolution in the treatment The discovery of artemisinin avermectin and completely changed the treatment of parasitic diseases. Today, ivermectin is used in all parts of the world where there are these parasitic diseases. It is very effective, has few side effects and is easily accessible. It is possible that eventually the drug will contribute to the elimination of these diseases in the future. As for artemisinin, it is estimated that the use of the today still contributes to reduce mortality from malaria by more than 20 percent. patients, and children the percentage is even higher, 30 percent. For Africa itself is over 100 thousand. rescued people every year. According to the Nobel Committee: "It is impossible to measure the influence of drugs created by today's Nobel Prize winners to improve the health and quality of life of people worldwide." 2015 #NobelPrize #Medicine therapies parasitic diseases River Blindness, Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis), Malaria pic.twitter.com/R2z0PanUcs - The Nobel Prize (NobelPrize) October 5, 2015 River blindness They cause the nematode Onchocerca volvulus, which are transmitted by the bite of flies resemble small midges. As the name suggests, the disease eventually lead to blindness due to chronic inflammation of the cornea. After the bacterial trachoma is the second leading cause of blindness in the world as a result of the infection. It is estimated that river blindness affects over 150 million people. This limit lymphedema tissue caused by obstructive disorders produced by lymph nodes. In tropical countries, most often the cause is a blockage of the lymph vessels by parasites. The disease affects more than 100 million people eventually leads to deformation of the body, abnormal body work, stigma patient because of the appearance. Malaria It is caused by a protozoan of the genus plasmodia (Plasmodium), which transmitted by mosquitoes. It infects every year as many as 200 million people worldwide and kills approx. 400-500 thous., Mainly children under five years of age (every 30 seconds die because of her one toddler). 90 percent. cases concerns poor sub-Saharan Africa. Attempts to reduce the mosquito population to chemical agents and the prevention of bites by using mosquito nets did not produce spectacular effects. The greatest hope for defeating malaria vaccine gives, but announced with fanfare in this year the newest vaccine works for now only at 30 percent. vaccinated. Statistics Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine Since 1901 granted the 105 awards , awarding a total of 207 scientists (no prizes awarded only in the years 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918, 1921, 1925, 1940, 1941 and 1942). Among the winners is 11 women . The most common dates of birth previous laureates are: May 21 and February 28 . The average age of winners is 58 years . - The youngest winner was Frederick Grant Banting from Canada, who was 32 years old when in 1923 receive the prize (he got it together with John James Richard McLeod, for the discovery of insulin). The oldest was Peyton Rous (USA), which was awarded for the discovery of viruses that induce the formation of tumors. When you receive an award in 1966, ending 87 years. No one got the Nobel Prize in medicine twice. Twice awarded were for marriage: * In 1966, Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerthy Theresa Radnitz-Cori for the discovery trail catalytic conversion of glycogen; * In 2004, May-Britt and Edvard I. Moser for his discovery of the brain "internal GPS", or neurons, which enable orientation in space. Top prize was previously awarded for research in genetics - 48 times . Subscription to digital Electoral available via the Internet, phone, tablet and eReader from 17.90 per month To assess Login or zarejestrujX
Why so look for?
On Monday morning the Swedish Academy presented the first of this year's Nobel Prize winners. In the first place distinguished researchers in physiology and medicine. Nobel in these areas is one of five prizes established in the will of Alfred Nobel. By 2014 he was awarded 207 such awards, which hit a total of 105 people. Last year was awarded scientists who discovered and studied our internal GPS in the brain.
elephantiasis (elefantiaza)
We deblami, we do not know anything about the work of these wonderful people, and yet their findings are already quite a few years, but we do know a lot of celebrities.
One who never clicked on Rubik, Kardishan whether Lewandowski's wife can throw a stone at me .