Marijuana does not help in the fight against cancer – emphasizes in an interview with RMF FM prof. Piotr Wysocki, head of the Polish Society of Clinical Oncology. In his opinion, drugs, marijuana derivatives, which are registered and have a specific action support, should be available in our country, but they must be free of all the myths that accompany them. The idea is that patients knew what their action and do not expect miracles.
Prof. Piotr Wysocki / Grzegorz Jasinski (RMF FM) / RMF FM
I have doubts as to promote a derivative of marijuana, but I think that the registered drugs should be available in Poland – says Grzegorz Jasiński prof. Piotr Wysocki. Stresses, however, that these are not the only drugs that act in specific clinical situations. As regards the prevention or reduction in the severity of nausea and vomiting or analgesic medicine it has already drugs which act much better. On the other hand, the use of marijuana in the field of palliative care, it is as if out of range span covered by the oncology concerns palliative medicine.
Grzegorz Jasinski: Does your medical practice, you met a patient who, in the treatment of cancer, in some way helped formulas marijuana?
Prof. Piotr Wysocki: First of all, we have to answer the question of what we know about marijuana and where she can help. It does not help in the fight against cancer. It is a drug substance, which has a boosting effect, and we have evidence that could reduce the severity of nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. He can act to relieve pain in certain specific situations. It helps to reduce tension and anxiety in patients and at the same time can stimulate the appetite, especially in patients during cancer treatment, where the appetite is weak. In contrast, there is no data or literature, or hard data from animal studies that the substance is able to cure cancer or cause it to remission.
Of course, people suffering from cancer will They have the right, if you say that even pain relief, facilitate the transition of therapy, even improving the mood of patients who are in dramatic mental state, will have a meaning. He meets you in its practice of people who want a chance to take advantage of this type of preparations …
Noise media that accompanies now the issue of medical marijuana is not associated with supportive care issues, what’s more, we we have drugs more effective in specific situations to support. In contrast, patients come and ask about the possibility of the use of this drug as a potential panacea, which refuses to them, because this drug may be according to information obtained, an effective anticancer drug. And it is not.
There are known preparations based on marijuana, which in the US and Europe are already approved or are in an advanced stage of research. I wrote a few names: Marinol, Cesamed, Syndros, Epidiolex, Cannador, Sativex. Some of them have, for example, to alleviate the effects of cancer chemotherapy, some to help patients suffering from multiple sclerosis, some limit the frequency of seizures. Are these substances are for patients in Poland, on medical grounds available?
These substances are at this moment are not available. Patients can and try to bring these substances from other countries. While in Poland it is not possible to purchase them.
Do you think it should change?
In this regard, what are the substances registered, they should be available, but that just and only for such indications, which have proven activity.
We talk on the occasion of the next steps in the Sejm concerning the legalization of so-called medical marijuana. The project group “Kukiz’15″ goes so far that suggests that each patient could for their own use to cultivate cannabis and prepare derivative products? What do you think as a doctor?
In general, we know that smoking marijuana acts weakening nervous tension, stimulate, improve mood. However, there are data that this is a substance which strongly increases the risk of lung cancer than tobacco. From this perspective, it does not seem to be a completely safe substance, which could be widely used. When it comes to practicing and consumed in this form. On the other hand, I think that drugs that are registered and have specific indications, should also be available in our country, but what is most important, they must be free of all the myths that accompany them. That patients who receive the drug or ask for the drug, knew very well what is concrete action and not expect miracles, but the specific support in certain situations in the course of neoplastic disease.
You mentioned this that these drugs are not available from us, as normal prescription. Is the head of the Polish Society of Clinical Oncology think that the environment oncologists should take action in favor of admission, at least those recorded in the world preparations. So that those who think that the only way to alleviate their suffering, have easier access to them. Whether such actions are possible?
On the part of our environment are verified queries sent to us by the ministry. We clearly indicate, what are the specific indications for these drugs, and in which specific indications, these drugs can be used. On the other hand, we must remember that these are not the only drugs that act in specific clinical situations. When it comes to preventing or reducing the severity of nausea and vomiting, we now have a lot more effective drugs than marijuana derivatives. As regards the analgesic activity, we have a whole class of drugs that work much better and much easier to use than marijuana derivatives. It is not that this drug suddenly be the solution to many problems. It will be an additional element of our first aid kit, which we can use, but it is not indispensable.
How about this take patients, but who ask about preparations based on marijuana? Because naczytali on the internet that actually can “tighten up and get better.”
Indeed, this situation is a surprise and a little disappointment. It seemed that it was inexplicably hidden substance that could cure them or prolong survival. They require clarification. Always manages to explain. When you understand, they are changing their approach and there is no such pressure. They know that this is something that is in addition to the entire treatment process, not something that will change their prognosis. Do you met with patients who after all, declared that in one way or another gain these preparations, whether in the Czech Republic, or on the internet? Been taking them, despite the fact that as a doctor you they are discouraged, there are further treatment, but it is known that they are trying to resort to another method …
It’s not like I’m talking to this I never have used, because there are obviously some situations in which this drug can act supportively. However, there is a group of patients who try everything. These are people who absolutely exhausted all the possibilities for cancer treatment. It remains really palliative care. These patients get, whether they are already covered hospice care. These are the people who are trying different strategies alternative and also trying marijuana.
It’s me I will come back to the earlier question, or just for those patients environment oncologists could take some action that medicines registered, which action has been confirmed in clinical trials, were available? By bureaucratic barriers have been broken …
In general, the scope of marijuana in the care of hospice, palliative medicine, it is as if the scope of the already nieobejmowanym for oncology, only palliative medicine. We can działaś supportive, but in this respect the leading role played by national consultant in the field of palliative medicine and scientific societies palliative medicine. We as oncologists, we support their initiative, but this is not strictly part of medical oncology, is also a palliative medicine.
And if such efforts have emerged, the professor believes that such support also would there? Because I see, however, a gap in your statements. Does that mean, however, looking at the situation globally, is the professor doubts whether such actions to promote such measures, approved in other countries, would be effective?
Of course, I doubt to promote these measures. Quite another matter is the question of accessibility, and another issue – the promotion. As for availability, I believe that this drug as a substance registered, should be available. As for promotion I have objections. Environment oncologists, national consultant in the field of clinical oncology, Polish Society of Clinical Oncology and other cancer scientific societies are able to work and support the initiative of the Polish Society of Palliative Medicine, the national consultant in palliative medicine, which has already been repeatedly declared in letters to the ministry .
Intel presents the seventh generation of Intel Core. Designed in 14 nanometer process technology systems offer higher efficiency and productivity compared to processors of previous generations and even greater multimedia capabilities.
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Intel has prepared a new generation of processors / press materials
Intel Core seventh generation provide up to 12 percent higher productivity and up to 19 percent faster performance when browsing the Internet with respect to systems of the previous generation. Even more pronounced leap in performance can be seen by comparing the devices based on the latest systems with their counterparts a few years ago. Compared to a 5 year old computer, laptop processor seventh generation will be more than 70 percent. faster and more efficient. These improvements will allow users to have a smoother and more efficient playback and edit movies in 4K UHD, videos, 360 °, and photos, and play the latest titles.
The new Intel Core seventh generation based on the architecture Skylake and were Pictures of the 14 nanometer process. Implemented Intel Turbo Boost 2.0 provides dynamic management of cores and graphics – increasing productivity when necessary, and saving energy, whenever possible. Both series processors Y and U supports two cores and four threads, Intel Hyper-Threading technology (Intel HT Technology), making 2in1 computers and laptops achieve a unique balance between mobility and performance.
Intel Core seventh generation with integrated graphics Intel HD Graphics provide the highest performance, required users to enjoy the amazing experience of viewing, creating and editing multimedia and during play. Quick and easy photo editing and a range of functionality related to video materials, such as multi-streaming, film processing technology of 360 degrees and a high quality video chat, are only part of the extensive opportunities that will offer the device with Intel Core seventh generation. Thanks to the use of energy-saving standards and decompression of video VP9 HEVC 10-bit and hardware acceleration, both view, and how to create content in 4K UHD will be much faster.
The Intel Core seventh generation will build new devices with intuitive controls voice, stylus and touch interfaces. Intel Context Sensing SDK and Integrated Sensor Solution is a solution that enables software vendors to develop entirely new applications that use motion sensors.
The new processors will be available in a wide range of devices with features such as support for Thunderbolt connector 3 audio systems with low energy consumption or face recognition technology Windows Hello. A single Thunderbolt cable 3 allows free data transfer speeds up to 40 Gbps, dual-display 4K 60 Hz, connect an external graphics and loading equipment with voltage up to 100 W. Both series Intel Core seventh-generation (Y and U) also support PCIe 3 gen, supporting higher data transfer rate of 8 GT / s, compared to the 5 GT / s performance with PCIe gen 2. the latest technology Intel Rapid Storage supports drives NVMe x4 PCIe SSD.
Devices based on Intel Core seventh generation will be equipped with a smaller, but more efficient batteries. Dedicated solution for hardware acceleration Intel Turbo Boost reduces power consumption, allowing you to 3 times longer working even when watching movies in 4K. With the new, seventh-generation Intel Core processors, computers 2in1 and laptops will be able to offer increased productivity in an even slimmer and more mobile enclosures.
As reported yesterday, according to the European Commission, Apple benefited tax contrary to EU state aid rules, and should pay back taxes. An astronomical amount of $ 13 billion , calculated by European officials, sparked worldwide media.
Read also: This function is expected to debut in the latest computer. Apple. Is it invented a Pole?
It should be explained that this is not the Irish, who agreed in 2007 with Apple, demand a refund. He does it for them, and even behind their backs, the Union.
Member States may not allocate tax credits for selected companies, is incompatible with the state aid rules of the EU
– said Margrethe Vestage from the European Commission. Meanwhile, the Irish authorities have established a tax to Apple (and specifically for its Irish subsidiary based in Cork) at the level of 1 percent … and then, in 2014, it is set at the level of … 0.005 percent.
Fig. Google
The Government of Ireland: Apple must pay, we do not want the money
Michael Noonan, Ireland’s finance minister, said that Ireland does not want money from Apple. He admitted, however, that from a legal point of view there is no other choice but to appeal the decision of the Union. He also announced that the proceedings in this case will be long – it will take up to four years. He explained that the Apple has to pay – 13 billion euros, which will be deposited in a special account until the close of the proceedings.
“The Irish Times”: “Take the money and let’s change Ireland.”
largest Irish daily calls for reconciliation the decision of the Union. Editors ‘Irish Times’ lists, which could be built with the money recovered from the American giant, twenty hospitals, a new line of the Dublin tram (the most important means of public transport in Dublin), to build traction Metro-North, building of social houses. Ireland would be even afford to dispense with part of the taxes.
$ 13 billion for the country inhabited by less than 5 million people, the country, which is still struggling with the effects of the 2008 crisis (Ireland is heavily linked economically USA), it is not to be underestimated.
Fig. Irish Times
Part of Irish politicians share this view. Matt Carthy, a representative having the independence tradition of Sinn Féin, who sit in the European Parliament, expressed quite bluntly their expectations for the Union’s decision:
Give our money!
– he said.
White House: it is money US citizens
White House spokesman commented on the decision of the Union in a fairly sharp way:
This transfer of income from US taxpayers to Europe.
– said in a statement quoted by Tech Post.
Tim Cook: It is harmful and unfair
President of Apple sent a letter to the European Commission, which advises that Cork was chosen as an investment destination already 36 years ago. Apple opened its first subsidiary in 1980, employed 60 people and began to help in recovering from the crisis.
STEPHEN LAM / REUTERS / REUTERS
Apart from the obvious head in Apple the most severe and harmful effects of this penalty will be associated with investment and job creation in Europe. Using the logic of the Commission every company in Ireland and Europe is suddenly faced with the threat to levy tax according to the law, which never existed.
– writes Cook quoted by The Verge.
USA: “This retroactivity”
Kara triggers an avalanche of comments across the ocean. Representatives of the US authorities are not satisfied with the decision of the EU.
We believe that the tax imposed by the Commission, which runs backwards, is not right. It’s against the legal principles applicable in the Member States.
– said representatives of the US financial authorities quoted by the “Irish Times”.
The US authorities herald also problems that can bring the decision of the EU authorities.
The actions of the European Commission may jeopardize foreign investment, worsen the business climate in Europe, weaken the spirit of the economic partnership between the US and the EU.
– add in the rest of the comment.
Election: EU may curb the tricks tax .
Tomasz Bielecki of Election takes a similar view. The Union ends an era.
Tax evasion by multinationals is an annoying side effect of globalization. [...] The rules aimed at unlawful State aid can become the strongest weapon of the EU in the fight against tax evasion. Perhaps [...] This team will curb tax tricks.
– says.
The decision of the European Commission seems to be shocking, because the amount you Apple has to pay is really substantial, even for such a giant. EU authorities conducting similar actions against other US companies: Google, Starbucks (registered in the Netherlands), Microsoft, Amazon (registered in Luxembourg).
Change the policy observes the Irish Times concluding that apparently used for decades the policy of tax relief has to go to the past.
Apple: the greatest innovator in the field of tax evasion …
Dispute with the European Union was to be expected, because the procedure is controversial from Apple years.
Apple pioneered the accounting technique called “Dual Irish-Dutch Sandwich,” which reduced taxes by transferring profits through subsidiaries in Ireland and the Netherlands to the Caribbean. Today, this tactic is used by hundreds of other corporations – some quite directly imitated Apple. “
– reported in 2012, Wall Street Journal.
Fig. In Icons / sxc.hu / Robert Kędzierski
The decision of the European Commission is certainly the announcement of the new policy concerns.
the long-awaited SmartWatch from Xiaomi today will go on sale. It offers more functionality than Mi Band 2 has a built-in GPS and long runs on batteries. Can he repeat the success of your band?
What are the components included in smartwatchu Amazfit?
What modes offer?
is is dust and splash water?
What kind of battery life achieved?
Design fortunately without experimentation
Two generations of great bands Mi Band constantly fueled speculation when and in what form will be presented to a full-fledged SmartWatch from Xiaomi. Today we already know exactly how to look like and what features it has equipped manufacturer. In terms of design it was decided not unnecessarily risk , which may Amazfitowi only help.
Shield watch & amp; hairsp; – & amp; hairsp; just as in the two Moto 360 generations – is round and display truncated at the bottom . Not everyone resignation of the display like it, but too much style SmartWatch not straining. The upside is certainly clasp removable strap: versatile 22 mm, if necessary, will easily fit a replacement.
Specification without weaknesses
Specifications SmartWatch look great: used processor clocked at 1.2 GHz, RAM in the amount of 512 MB to 4 GB of internal memory for user needs and battery with a capacity of 200 mAh. At 1.34-inch display with a resolution of 300 × 300 pixels, you can expect clear and detailed image .
A smart watch is equipped with a heart rate monitor function continuous measurement pulse and GPS. Dust and splash provides fulfilled standard IP67 , and communication with mobile devices is done through the application Mi Fit for Android.
working time battery depends on how you use Amazfita: with enabled GPS get the result of the order of 30-35 hours during typical use, it increases to 5 days, and in the monitoring mode steps – up to 12 days .
Good price-performance ratio
Searching weakness premiere Xiaomi, especially at this early stage, you really have to try. The manufacturer took care of it, and that of image, and technically watch inscribed on current trends, offering a viable alternative for more expensive products. On the day of launch of the product on the market can only confirm that it worked.
Although you probably will raise the voices of the working time while the GPSI is still a misunderstanding – and these are not opinions wrong, just their authors are the target audience for Mi bands. Band and SmartWatch from Xiaomi are two completely different products, each for the price of some compromises provides other functionality .
Assessing so today Amazfita, as only and even smart watch, really hard to formulate the allegations. Its current price is (per 799 yuan) ok. 475 zł . So far, the manufacturer does not give any information on. Sales in Europe or in the United States.
As stated in the Communication Samsung, the Exynos 7570 Quad 7 is the first processor in this series built on 14 nanometer technology.
Samsung adds that it is also the first processor Exynos fully integrated with the modem Cat.4 LTE 2CA and solutions in the field of communication, such as WiFi, Bluetooth, frequency modulation (FM) and using global navigation satellite system (GNSS) in a single chip.
Commenting on the introduction of a new production unit K. Ben Hur , vice president of System LSI marketing at Samsung Electronics highlights the fact that despite the advanced solutions and is intended for the market of budget smartphones available at moderate prices.
– with the Exynos 7570, more users will be able to enjoy the performance advanced technology 14nm FinFET in affordable devices. Effectively integrating the various connectivity options of the Samsung strengthens its competitiveness on the market jednostrukturowych integrated circuits – noted K. Ben Hur.
According to Samsung’s new system was built in 14-nanometer technology with four Cortex-A53 cores is about 70 percent. higher performance CPU and a 30 percent higher energy efficiency compared with its 28-nanometer predecessor.
We do not know to which models will go first Exynos 7570th According to Gartner, in the second quarter. Samsung was the largest supplier of smartphones in the world, has sold more than 76.7 million of these devices, providing a market share of 22.3 percent. The latest model of the smartphone Samsung is the Galaxy Note 7.
Author: Prof. Rory Barnes, University of Washington
The discovery of Proxima b is the biggest event egzoplanetarne since the discovery of exoplanets. Proxima b is slightly larger than Earth and is located in the ecosphere nearest stellar neighbor sun. The planet may be the best opportunity for humanity to search for life among the stars. Are Proxima b created, but life? Is it live? The answer to these questions is not currently possible, because we know very little about the planet. However, we can extrapolate the data from the worlds of our solar system and apply the theoretical models of the evolution of galactic, stellar and planetary to create realistic scenarios history Proxima b. The possibilities are varied and depend on the phenomena usually studied by scientists working in areas considered to be separate but integrated perspective – perspective astrobiologiczna – can provide a realistic assessment of the possibility of the emergence and survival of life on the nearest we ezgoplanecie.
As an astrobiologist and astronomer at the University of Washington and a member of NASA’s Virtual Plenatary Lab years researching the possibility of life on planets orbiting red dwarfs. My research include the development of computer models to simulate the evolution of the planets and their atmospheres, and how over time change the stars and how they differ from each other planetary orbits. The discovery of Proxima b is very exciting for me, but that is about the size of Earth and is located in the ecosphere is only the first two conditions necessary to ensure that the planet could support life, and the list is much longer for planets orbiting red dwarfs, than stars like our sun. If Proxima b really is in the ecosphere, which is the liquid water, and perhaps it is settled, it had to go a completely different evolutionary path than Earth. This difference is frustrating because the first interpretations will be a challenge for us, and at the same time fascinating, because it gives the opportunity to see how they evolve in the universe of Earth-sized planets. Regardless of whether Proxima b is a barren wasteland, or life on it blooms, we begin just unprecedented phase of discovery, which may provide the answer to the long-asked question: Are we alone?
To assess the possibility of life on Proxima b we have to start from the only inhabited planet as we know it is from Earth. Life on Earth is present in an extremely wide variety of environments, such as in thermal springs, and in most ocean depths, at microscopic tubules in sea ice, or in the deepest levels of the earth’s crust. No matter how extreme the environment, the whole life on Earth requires three basic components: energy, nutrients and water in a liquid state. The first two components are present in the universe very well as water molecule. A limiting factor in terms of astrophysics is that the water must be in liquid form. Ekosfera is a map of the area where water could exist on the surface of the rocky, Earth-like planets, hence its status as the first condition that a planet must meet to ensure that there life on it. Life also needs enough time for this to occur and evolve, and on Earth it is resistant to disasters as trivial or as traumatic as a storm. Diversity and persistence of life formed on Earth, astrobiologists are encouraged to imagine that life could exist not only egzoplanatach similar to Earth, but also in strange, exotic worlds.
So what are we to make of Proxima b? It is at least as massive as Earth, and may be several times more massive. Its “year” lasts a little over 11 days, and its orbit may be circular or significantly delayed. Its native star has only 12% of the mass of the Sun, 0.1% of its brightness, and we know about it, it shines. It may be linked gravitationally with the stars Alpha Centauri A and B, which are within the 15-000 astronomical units. All three contain far more heavy elements than the Sun, however, we know very little about the composition of Proxima b, or about how it came. The new data indicate the presence of another planet in this system, which flow around the star takes nearly 200 days, but its existence can not be confirmed yet. These facts we know and based on them we must deduce whether Proxima b life.
Proxima b was discovered by measuring angular velocity, which do not involve direct calculations of its mass, and only provide information on the minimum weight . So the first question that we want to answer is: Is the mass of the planet is small enough to be a rocky planet like Earth? If the planet is much bigger, it may be more like Neptune with a thick gas layer. We do not know where is the dividing line between the rocky exoplanets and gas, but the models of planet formation and analysis of the planets discovered by the Kepler mission suggests that the dividing line is between the 5 and 10 times the mass of Earth. Only about 5% of possible orbits Proxima b puts it over 5 masses of the Earth, so it is very likely that the planet belongs to the rock.
Another question we must ask ourselves is whether the planet was formed together with water. Water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen, the first and the third element of the most popular in our galaxy, so we should expect it everywhere. However, in a small distance from the star, which is where there is Proxima b, water is heated to a gaseous state during the formation of the planet, so it is difficult for the water to stop. The planets formed at greater distances can collect more water, so if Proxima b formed farther from the star, and later moved to its current orbit, there is a higher probability that is rich in water. At the moment we do not know how the planet was formed, but it can seem to be three scenarios: 1) the planet was formed where it now is, mainly from the local material; 2) The planet formed farther from the star, when the disk of gas and dust from which a planetary system still existed, and the forces of the drive led the planet to its current orbit; or 3) the planet was created in a different place, but kind of instability covering the whole system poprzesuwała planet, and b Proxima was on its present orbit. The first scenario is the one by which created the Earth and Venus, so Proxima b may, but need not have significant water resources, if established in this way. The result of the second scenario are the planet rich in water, because there is a greater likelihood that water will be able to found frozen in a huge distance from the star, so the resulting planet could easily be picked up. The third scenario is not conclusive, because the planet could move from the inner orbit, where established without water, or was farther from the star, and has water, but we can not be sure.
Now, let’s guidance coming from the stars . Computer models of the evolution of our galaxy suggest that stars enriched with heavy elements, such as Proxima which can not occur locally (25 000 light-years from the galactic center), because there is a sufficiently large number of available heavy particles. However, closer to the center of the galaxy, where star formation is more vigorous and lasts a long time, the formation of stars, such as Proxima possible. A recent study by Dr. Sarah Loebman and his team showed that a star located in our galactic neighborhood of the composition such as Proxima, have created at least of 10 000 light-years closer to the galactic center. Apparently, Proxima Centauri wandered the galaxy, and its history could play an important role in the evolution of Proxima b.
Computer models of the evolution of the Milky Way suggests that the Proxima Centauri moved up of 10 000 light-years from where formed in the direction of Way outside Mlacznej. The place of its creation marked an orange circle. Sun and Earth probably formed close to the place of your current location (blue circle), which is here, where there is also Proxima Centauri.
The orbit of Proxima orbiting Alpha Centauri A and B, assuming that are linked together by gravity, it is large compared to other multiple systems. Moreover, it is so large that the impact of the stars A and B on the Proxima is weak, but it is the interaction of the Milky Way largely shaped orbit the star. The whole mass of the Milky Way means that the orbit of Proxima constantly changing both the shape and orientation. Proxima is also susceptible to gravitational encounters with the shifting nearby stars, which may affect its orbit. Simulations made recently by prof. Nate Kaiba showed that these two effects often lead to close encounters of stars with multiple systems that interfere with their planetary systems. Disorders are often so strong that it can cause the ejection of planets from the system and completely change the orbits of the other planets. New simulations, conducted by Russell Deitrick show that this scenario raises serious concerns also for Proxima; there is a high probability that in the past Proxima flew so close to Alpha Centauri A and B, that the planetary system fell apart, throwing siblings Proxima b space. If the disturbance occurred, Proxima b could not arise where we see it today, because its orbit would it hurt.
Even if Proxima is not currently associated with Alpha Centauri A and B, it seems that They move with them and it is very likely that these stars formed from the same disk of gas and dust. If you created together, they should have a similar composition and be almost the same age. The reference to the age of Alpha Centauri A and B is so important that it is difficult to tell the age of low-mass stars, such as Proxima Centauri. Astronomers can estimate the age of Alpha Centauri A through astrosejsmologii, the doctrine of “earthquakes stars.” The stars bigger than the sun pulsate with a large enough frequency that can be observed brightness variations, and their detailed monitoring can reveal the age of the star. Research conducted recently by Dr. Michael Bazota proved that Alpha Centauri A is between 3.5 and 6 billion years. This broader scope than we would like, but Proxima is certainly enough age that could host life, and Proxima b can even be the same age as the Earth!
Now look at the guidance supplied by the solar system Proxima Centauri. The vast majority of the energy needed for life on Earth comes from our sun, and small stars, such as Proxima, can produce energy even for billions of years. Their size is almost the minimum size of the star, so that Proxima b able to receive as much solar energy as Earth, must be about 25 times closer to its star than the Earth is the sun. This distance is Ekosfera. Proxima is much darker than the sun, but it remains a series of thermonuclear reactions, so, if all other factors remain the same, the existence of life seems to be more likely in larger distances from the star. Close orbits create many obstacles, which did not have to overcome life on Earth. These include a long period of formation of the star, the short and energy stings energy in the form of UV radiation and X-strong magnetic field, the larger spots star, more coronal mass ejections or tidal forces resulting from gravity, which causes the properties of rotational change, and the oceans (if any), and the rocks are subject to warming by friction.
the history of the evolution of the brightness of Proxima was slow and complicated. All models of stellar evolution predict that the first billion years of Proxima slowly losing its brightness until the state in which there is today, which implies that for about the first quarter of a billion years the surface of Proxima b was too hot to achieve conditions similar to Earth . As recently showed Rodrigo Luger, if our present Earth found itself in such a situation, he would become the world like Venus, with raging greenhouse effect that could destroy the entire planet located on the water. Such drying is possible because the molecular bonds between hydrogen and oxygen in water can be destroyed in the upper part of the atmosphere by radiation coming from the star, and the hydrogen, being the lightest element, can escape gravity of the planet. Without hydrogen water can not exist, and the planet unsuitable for life. Escape or avoid the uncontrollable global warming was the biggest challenge in the chance Proxima b for the creation of life.
Ekosfera Proxima Centauri moved closer to the star, since it was established, which may mean that Proxima b lost water shortly after its establishment, when the system was 1-10 million years. Ekosfera, highlighted in blue, did not reach orbit Proxima b up to nearly 200 million years after the system was created. This initial brightness can be the biggest obstacle to the point of attachment to life on Proxima b.
When a star loses its brightness, the process of destruction of water molecules is stopped, so it is dry completely avoidable. If some water is, the atmosphere may also contain high amounts of oxygen remaining after destruction of steam. Large amounts of water and oxygen may seem like a good recipe for life, but almost certainly it is not. Oxygen is one of the most reactive elements, and its presence in the atmosphere of a young Proxima b may be prebiotic would stop the development of particles that create the conditions require a small amount of oxygen. Life on Earth was created when oxygen was absent, photosynthesis and ultimately created a large enough amount thereof to become an important component of our atmosphere. Note that the destruction of only a certain amount of water leads to a rather surprising possibility that the planet could have oceans and atmosphere rich in oxygen, but not been able to sustain life!
Another intriguing possibility is that Proxima b began as a a planet like Neptune, but the initial brightness of the star and its flares destroyed the atmosphere rich in hydrogen, to discover hospitable to life Proxima located below. Such a world studied Rodrigo Luger, I and other scientists and we agreed that this is the real way to avoid dry completely. First of all, the atmosphere of hydrogen protects the water. If you created Proxima b 0.1-1% by weight would be a shell of hydrogen, the planet would lose hydrogen, but not water, potentially becoming open to the world of life, when her star has reached its current brightness.
The wide range of possible paths evolutionary poses daunting challenges for the future terrestrial and space telescopes that will search for life in the atmosphere of Proxima b. Fortunately, my colleagues in the Virtual Planetary Lab, prof. Victoria Meadows, Giada Arney and Edward Schwieterman working on techniques to distinguish the possible states of the atmosphere Proxima b, do not worry for now the existence of a life on it, or not. Almost all the elements of the atmosphere are visible in the spectrum, so our knowledge of the possible histories of the planet, we can start to create instruments and plan observations that indicate important differences. For example, when a sufficiently high pressure oxygen molecules may momentarily bind to each other and create an observable property of the spectrum. Most importantly, the pressure required by the observer, so that it can be detected is large enough to allow distinction between the planet with too much oxygen and the amount of the corresponding life. To learn more about the planet and the system, we can create a library including possible spectra by means of which quantitatively we will be able to determine how likely is the existence of life on Proxima b.
The initial brightness of the star around which orbits the planet, it is the biggest obstacle for life, but other issues are also important. One of the obstacles that were initially thought to be to prevent life on planets orbiting red dwarfs was the possibility of synchronous rotation, meaning that one of the hemispheres throughout the life cycle facing the star. This happens with our Moon, the same tidal forces are raising the oceans made the Moon shows only one half of your Earth. Due to the fact that Proxima b orbits so close to its star, it may be in this situation, and it depends on the shape of its orbit. For decades, astronomers believed that the planet in synchronous rotation would be deprived of life, because they thought that the atmosphere above the eternally dark hemisphere freezes and falls to the surface. Currently, this is considered very possible, because the winds in the atmosphere transmit energy on the planet and support on the side of the dark heat sufficient to ensure that the atmosphere is not freezing. So if it comes to the stability of atmospheric rotation synchronous is not an obstacle for the existence of life on the planet.
Although the rotation synchronous is not very dangerous for life, it is possible that tidal forces provide large amounts of energy into the atmosphere and the Earth’s interior . This energy is often called the “tidal heating” and results from the deformation of the planet due to changes in the gravitational force of the star, which acts on the planet across its diameter. For example, if the planet has an elliptical orbit, being closer to the star feels more gravity than when it is away from it. This difference will cause the shape of the planet change, and such deformation can cause friction between the inner layers of the planet, producing heat. In extreme cases, tidal heating may initiate unrestrained greenhouse effect like the one that dried up Venus, regardless of the light from the star. It is unlikely that Proxima b was in this state, but the tidal heating may still be there very strong, resulting in a continuous volcanic eruptions, such as Jupiter’s moon, Io, and / or raising huge ocean waves. Based on the information we have, we are not able to determine the size of the heating tide, but we must be aware of it and explore its implications.
A brief, high-energy bursts of Proxima Centauri, called flares are considered to be the impediment to the emergence of life on the surface a planet orbiting a red dwarf. Flares and eruptions of small areas on the surface of the stars can cause short (a few hours or a few days) increase in brightness. The problem is that the bursts emit gusts of positively charged protons, and as shown by prof. Antigona Segura and his team, they reduce the ozone layer, which can protect life from harmful, high-energy UV radiation. Flares on Proxima occur much more frequently than the Sun, and because Proxima b is much closer to its star than the Earth is likely to be subjected to repeated bombing. If the atmosphere could develop a solid shield that protects against these eruptions, such as the strong magnetic field, then the flares could not have life meaning. The same would be the case if there were a few meters force under water. Then flares should not be fatal to life on Proxima b.
Worried about flares naturally leads to the question of whether the planet ever has to protect her magnetic field like Earth. Over the years, many scientists thought that the emergence of such magnetic fields is not possible for planets similar to Proxima b, because the rotation is synchronous to impossible. It was believed that the magnetic field is generated by the electric current running in the core of the planet, and the movement of charged particles required to produce this current is caused by the rotation of the planet. Slowly rotating planet may not be able to transport charged particles fast enough to generate a magnetic field that can push flares and make the planet’s ecosphere red dwarfs will be able to maintain the atmosphere. However, more recent studies show that magnetic fields of the planets are not really maintained by convection, that is, the process by which hot material inside the kernel rises, cools and sinks again. The rotational movement helps, but Dr. Peter Driscoll and I recently calculated that convection is quite sufficient to maintain a strong magnetic field on the planet with the rotation synchronous and tidal heating for billions of years. It is therefore entirely possible that Proxima b has a strong magnetic field and can fend off flares.
Is Proxima b and therefore able to sustain life? The short answer is: “It’s complicated.” We have not made many observations, but what we know allows for a staggering number of possibilities. Do Proxima b traveled half the galaxy? It does survived instability covering the whole planetary system, which threw her siblings into space and changed its orbit? How he coped with the initial high brightness of its star? What is it made? Do began as a planet like Neptune, and then conformed to the Earth? We are constantly bombarded with the flares and coronal mass ejections? It is tidally heated to a state resembling (or worse than) the condition of Io? These are important questions that must be answered to determine the potential ability of Proxima b to sustain life and determine whether our nearest galactic neighbor is a forbidding wasteland inhabited planet or a future home for mankind.
The last question is not so rhetorical as it might seem. As life needs an energy source, it is possible, in the long run – and I mean dłuuugą run – to planets such as Proxima b become ideal places to live. Our sun will burn as little as 4 billion years, and Proxima Centauri will there be for the next four trillion years. Moreover, if the “planet c” are slightly affect the orbit b, tidal heating would provide an infinitely modest amount of energy to the interior of b, providing energy to maintain a stable atmosphere. If humanity is to survive longer than the sun, we have to leave the solar system and travel to other stars. If Proxima b is able to sustain life, can be the perfect place to move. Perhaps it is discovered future home for mankind! But to know this for sure, we have to do a lot more observation, carry a lot more computer simulations and, with luck, to send a probe to perform the first direct exoplanet reconnaissance. Life support or not, Proxima b offers new insights on how planets and life fit into our universe.
Thanks for Victoria Meadows, Edward Schwietermana, Giada Arney and Peter Kelley.
Editor’s Note. this article is based on popularizing scientific report “The habitability of Proxima b I: Evolutionary scenarios,” http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/ 2016arXiv160806919B, which was submitted to the Journal Astrobiology 25 August. Rating presumed location Proxima b in the ecosphere is crucial to interpreting the meaning of detection Proxima b, the design of future observations, and even to give the new shapes instruments and space missions. At the time of the discovery announcement, the band Pale Red Dot made contact with two groups of experts to rate them these early assumptions about the location of Proxima b in the ecosphere. Professor Rory Barnes chaired by one of these groups. The results of the second working group (led by I. M. Ribas and Turbat) are summarized here: http://proximacentauri.info and are technically explained in two articles. Further studies are certainly in progress.
About the author. Rory Barnes, a professor of astronomy and astrobiology, the University of Washington in Seattle. Doctorate in astronomy from the University of Washington in 2004. After working as a postdoctoral the Lunar Planetary Laboratory at the University of Arizona in Tucson he returned to the University of Washington and NASA’s Virtual Planetary Lab in 2009, joining the staff of the University of Warsaw in 2013. Bada exoplanet through computer models. At first dealt with the dynamics of orbits, but expanded his research, which now include the role of the Milky Way, the evolution of stars, the effects of weathering, and thermal and magnetic evolution of the interior terrestrial planets.
This article is part of a social campaign project Pale Red Dot and the original is available on the project website at: http://www.palereddot.org
The translation into Polish: Pulse of the Cosmos / Eve Stokłosa
common room planned to build a modular system. Building with an area of 180 square meters was placed at ul. Communal in Wróblinie and serve the people of the district as a meeting place. The construction of this place was announced in February.
– The first tender emerged contractor and already basically we were ready, that in a moment, “I dig the shovel,” – says Alexander Zwarycz, Chairperson of the district Wróblin. – Unfortunately, the contractor did not sign the agreement. The next auction, which announced the town emerged contractor who provided the amount is absolutely disproportionate to the cost estimate and market realities – he said.
Common Module cost was 450 thousand zlotys, but contractor in the last auction gave the amount of one million two hundred thousand. – Common sense tells you not to take these offers seriously, so from our side as the district council was not requests for budget increases – says Zwarycz.
Councillor WRÓBLIN announced that another tender may occur in the fall and at the same time considering the change in the construction of modular system on the traditional. – If that happened, these differences are not great. These are typically technical solutions, but the functionality of the building remained the same – says Alexander Zwarycz. Common was to be the object of sliding partition walls, so as to organize their events and meetings for a large group of residents and lead classes for small groups of people. Then the wall would separate the room into three smaller.
In the neighborhood there is a kindergarten, children’s playground, playing football and gym in the open air. – We lack the common room, because the weather is not always shines – says Alexander Zwarycz.
The new model uses the Android operating system 6.0 Marshmallow, also offering solid protection in a stylish case and a 5-inch HD IPS display. Compliant with IP68 standard, the ARCHOS 50 Saphir is resistant to scratches, dust, dropping (to 1 meter), and immersion in water for 30 minutes while allowing you to work at temperatures of -20C ° to 55C °.
the smartphone is equipped with a 4-core Mediatek MT6737 processor clocked at 1.5 GHz, 2 GB RAM and 16 GB of internal memory, expandable to 128 GB with a card microSD.
Model ARCHOS 50 Saphir are equipped with a battery capacity of 5000 mAh and technology Mediatek Pump Express Plus shortens the charging time in half – so says the manufacturer.
the phone has two built-in cameras: 13 MP with autofocus and LED flash on the back and a 5 MP front.
the smartphone also offers such additional functions as:
Google Now – enhanced digital assistant that can answer questions, perform commands in the system and identify useful information to the user;
sleep – greatly limiting battery consumption through automatic activation mode, deep sleep.
ARCHOS 50 Saphir will be presented at the stand ARCHOS at IFA 2016 (hall 25, stand 206). In Poland, will be available from October at a price 949 zł.
For the fifth year in a row the most valuable company in the world is Apple Photo: Pixabay.com
the number of companies from the United States increased from 53 last year to 54 in the current rankings. The share of US companies in terms of capitalization also increased from 57 per cent. to 62 per cent., or about 314 billion dollars.
The ranking fell out two more companies from Europe and is currently the 24th fell well combined share of European companies in the capitalization – of 21 percent. to 19 per cent., or about 428 billion dollars.
USA quickly coped with the crisis than Europe
US quickly coped with the crisis, he said in Polish radio 24 James Kurasz with PwC.
– USA much better used the period after the crisis, although some argue that we still have a crisis. Much faster to work out loss declines that occurred after 2008. Besides, the US is more global companies a technical nature and they are the fastest growing in terms of market value. I mean companies like Alphabet, Apple, Microsoft and Facebook, which is on the 6th place among the most expensive companies in the world. This ranking is also symbolic, because the technology companies that enhance the digital transformation by market value, jumped the financial sector – says the expert. – Europe slowly making up for the losses and still heals wounds – he added.
Currently, all of the top 10 companies come from the United States. For the fifth year in a row the most valuable company in the world is Apple, but the advantage over the second company in the ranking (Alphabet – formerly Google) is getting smaller.
Polish Company for the time being no chance of municipal ranking
Unfortunately, the Polish company in the ranking of the 100 largest in the world you would need to wait a long time.
– in the past year, the biggest domestic company listed on the Stock Exchange in Warsaw was Bank PKO SA, whose majority shareholder is the Italian group UniCredit. She at one time was the capitalization of the order of 13 billion dollars. Then, to be on the Top 100 list, should increase 7 times. As if that was not enough, there were declines in Warsaw, for various reasons. The capitalization of the bank declined to $ 9 billion. Therefore, to be included in the rankings, the valuation of the company would have to increase more than 8-fold – calculates James Kurasz.
The total capitalization of all companies in the ranking was significantly decline because of 668 billion dollars, once the first since the financial crisis. In addition to the problems of Europe contributed to the economic problems in China.
The first effects Brexitu
On Tuesday, in turn, will be released the latest IPO Watch Europe, which is a report on the tenders the primary markets of European exchanges. And we have already Brexitu effects, adds guest Polish Radio 24.
– There has been a breakdown in the primary market in London. To a large extent it affected the London Stock Exchange, for a total value of bids fell as much as 75 percent. Other European markets were characterized by a lower total decrease compared to the corresponding period. Since the risk was so high, many investors in general refrained from public offerings. The question arises, what to do next. If this period of uncertainty will continue over the next quarters, there is a good chance that London will lose its importance and part of the jobs will be in continental Europe. Especially in the most dynamic and vivid element of the market, namely the market for the public, may lead to a breakdown. True, we expect that at the end of the year comes to a recovery, but it must be linked to economic growth, and to its dynamics do not have at this time to confirm – notes James Kurasz.
Uncertainty or not Use the Warsaw Stock exchange. In the last quarter we had eight IPOs with a total value of just EUR 92 million.
Complies with IP68, Archos 50 Saphir is resistant to scratches, dust, dropping (up to 1 m) and immersion in water for 30 min., While allowing you to work in temperatures from -20 ° C to 55 ° C.
the smartphone comes with Android 6.0 Marshmallow, 5-inch HD IPS protected 4-level Gorilla Glass, quad-core Mediatek MT6737 clocked at 1.5 GHz, 2 GB of RAM and 16 GB of internal memory expandable 128 GB using a microSD card.
In addition, the device offers two built-in cameras (13 megapixel with autofocus and LED flash at the rear and 5 megapixel front) and a battery with a capacity of 5000 mAh and technology Mediatek Pump Express Plus shortens the charging time in half.
Archos 50 Saphir will be available in Poland since October. the price of 949 zł.
Archos 50 Saphir – Technical specifications:
- Processor: MTK6737VWT 4 x 1.5 GHz
- GPU: Mali-T720
- RAM: 2 GB
- Internal memory: 16 GB
- External Memory: microSD card, up to 128 GB
- Dimensions / Weight: 146.6 x 75.9 x 13.9 mm / 222 g
Until August 31 last global presale loved Max, and with a little luck, you can save up to $ 30 (~ 115 thousand). However, not everyone wants to fun downloading smartphone from China, and this will have a 24-month, implemented in Polish, warranty. Such persons will enjoy the information that soon the company CK Mediator will begin distributing this model in our country.
Of course, in this case, to be expected that the purchase of Umi Max you will have to spend a little more money. Suggested, Poland price of the smartphone is in fact 899 gold . Despite this, and so it is still a very attractive amount as the parameters offered by this model.
The strengths of Umi Max are undoubtedly octa-processor MediaTek Helio P10 with the graphics chip Mali-T860 MP2 and 3GB RAM . It performs well in a 5.5-inch IPS display with a resolution of Full HD (1080 × 1920, pp = 401). The front panel cover glass 2.5D Gorilla Glass 3rd Generation, which provides not only strength, but also adds charm to the whole.
The user files allocated 16GB of internal memory, but if it is full, you can use a microSD card with a maximum capacity of 128GB. Its disposal is also the main camera 13 megapixels with autofocus and dual LED illuminate the webcam and 5 megapixels on the front. There were also multi-functional fingerprint reader, and Hybrid Dual SIM (standby, both slots support LTE *).
Connectivity Umi Max provides modules Bluetooth 4.1, Wi-Fi 802.11 a / b / g / n 2 4 GHz / 5 GHz LTE * and GPS and connectors: 3.5mm headphone and USB Type C with support for OTG. The whole works under the operating system Android 6.0 Marshmallow and is powered by a battery with a capacity of 4000 mAh with fast charging.
Saphir 50 to work in the field. Archos has announced a new smartphone, 50 Saphir, designed so that it can handle even the most extreme conditions. Its important features include waterproof, protected display 4-level Gorilla Glass, resistant against scratches, dust and dropping. The smartphone will be demonstrated this week at the IFA in 2016.
Archos 50 Saphir is to be a companion for people working in the field, which happens to damage the smartphone during operation, and appreciate unconventional look of the phone. The new model works under the operating system Android 6.0 Marshmallow, also offering solid protection in a stylish case and a 5-inch IPS display with a resolution of 1280 x 720 pixels. Compliant with IP68 standard protection, Archos 50 Saphir is resistant to scratches, dust, dropping (to 1 meter), and immersion in water for 30 minutes while allowing you to work in temperatures from -20 to 55 degrees Celsius.
the smartphone is equipped with quad-core Mediatek MT6737 with a frequency of 1.5 GHz and 2 GB of RAM and 16 GB of internal memory, expandable to 128 GB using a microSD card. This model is moreover a rear digital camera with a resolution of 13 megapixels (autofocus), a front camera with a resolution of 5 megapixels, Controller Wi-Fi 802.11b / g / n, Bluetooth 4.0, GPS, FM radio, 3G modem and battery with a capacity of up to 5000 mAh enabled technology MediaTek Pump Express Plus.
the new device uses a special energy-saving mode. Sleep mode significantly reduces battery consumption by automatically activate deep sleep mode. Archos Saphir 50 in Poland will be available from October priced at 949 dollars.
Premier went to Suceava at the invitation of Prime Minister Ciolos. The main topic of the talks between Polish Prime Minister and Romania was the future of the European Union after Brexicie and preparations for the EU summit in Bratislava.
How Szydło said, “you have to draw conclusions from Brexitu and answer the question why the British have taken such a decision.” – We must do everything so that there were no such attempts in other EU countries, and dissatisfaction with the functioning of the European institutions is evident in many places – stated at the joint press conference of prime ministers Polish and Romanian.
– Our goal is to strengthen the EU; to bring this to the remaining 27 EU countries created a stable European body, which will develop and provide security for its citizens – emphasized Awl. She added that to happen, the Union must pass the necessary reforms.
Prime Minister speaking about migration policy established to Friday’s meeting of prime ministers of the Visegrad Group with Angela Merkel and his talks with the German Chancellor. – The bilateral meeting and at the meeting of the V4 suggested a compromise. This compromise is to change the migration policy consisting in the fact that we adopted optics that increase humanitarian aid, we take care of the external borders, we cooperate with third countries. On the other hand, we can not agree on any mechanism of allocation or forcing states to, in order to adopt in advance imposed migration policy. States should have a choice here, and within its capabilities to implement migration policy – she said.
Meeting with the Polish community in Romania
Premier Law and Justice deputy with the Prime Minister of Romania Dacian Ciolos met with representatives of the Polish minority in the Polish House in New Soloniec on Romanian Bukovina. Support policy Polonia is very important to us – stressed the head of government.
Awl said she was touched by the fact that in Bukovina “is a piece of Polish.” She thanked the Prime Minister of Romania, that creates conditions that allow you to keep the Polish tradition and language. – In your heart is Polish. You speak Polish, cultivating Polish tradition and culture. I want to thank you for it – turned to the assembled Poles premier Awl.
– For our policy of supporting the Polish community in the world, all these places, initiatives, organizations that cultivate Polish traditions and language among the compatriots living abroad, Polish, is very important. We will support you, help you, learn from you Polishness, love of homeland – she said.
According to estimates of the Union of Poles in Romania in this country live approx. 7 thousand. people of Polish origin. The main concentration of the population of Polish origin is the county of Suceava (noon historic Bukovina), where live the descendants of the migration of agricultural and labor. Other centers of the Romanian Polish to Bucharest, Iasi and Constanta.
Ghost Recon Phantom debuted in 2012 and was one of many well-known brands Ubisoft, transferred to the F2P model. Success, according to an official statement, was not, unfortunately, as large as the company had hoped.
The number of users GRP fallen in recent 30 days reached an average of 800 people on servers at a time, according to unofficial data.
In an official FAQ-from Ubisoft also stated that it is very unlikely that the company created a successor to Phantom Ghost Recon.
Shop Ghost Recon Phantom will be open until the very end, however, the possibility of buying the currency premium will be blocked.
it is worth recalling that although Ubisoft has raised the gaming market Free-2- Play has to offer in the near future a number of very interesting projects, including Ghost Recon: wildlands. The new series will be part of the cooperative shooter, set in an open world. Wildlands will, however, traditionally distributed and will play alone.
The victim of hacker attack were users using Opera Browser Sync option, which allows you to use the browser on several different devices at the same time by synchronizing your browsing history and bookmarks. So far it is known that leaked data from 1.7 million accounts.
Administrators browser detected the attack on the servers at the beginning of last week. In the statement published on the official blog Opera recommend their users of synchronization to immediately change your password. Hackers can capture not only the data of Internet users posted on their accounts in the browser and mail boxes, but also other passwords stored by them on the computer. The company is still looking for the attack and examines the scale of the leak.
Developers browser assured, however, that all the data of people who do not use tools Opera Browser Sync, are safe.
Opera is the fifth largest browser in the world in terms of number of users. It is used currently approx. 350 million Internet users. Synchronization option, however, has not enjoyed great popularity and have used it only 0.5 percent. people with accounts on your browser. But it is precisely this inconspicuous service became this time the object of interest to hackers.
Not only does Opera struggled recently with a similar attack by cybercriminals. A few days ago, also he fell victim to Dropbox, which sent to their users an email asking you to change your password. Probably there was a leak of data from 2012. Further, they found their way to the illegal sales on the Internet – read on TVN24 BiS.
The new smartphones Archos 55 Helium found in versions of Ultra Lite and 4 Seasons. Model Ultra is equipped with a quad-core Mediatek MT6737 processor, 5.5-inch IPS display with a resolution of HD (1,280 x 720), 3 GB of RAM and 32 GB of internal memory expandable up to 128 GB using a microSD card. Lite version comes with 1 GB of RAM and 16 GB of internal memory.
55 Helium Ultra also offers connectivity 4G / LTE, Android operating system 6.0 Marshmallow, 2 slots for SIM cards, two cameras (8 megapixels with autofocus and the LED flash on the back, 2-megapixel front) and a battery with a capacity of 2700 mAh.
on the other hand, 55 Helium 4 Seasons will be available with 4 versions for color screens for every season: gold (spring), bright yellow (summer), with wood (autumn ) and gray (winter).
in addition, the smartphone offers features such as Smart gesture (allows you to control your phone using additional gestures: double tap wakes screen, drawing the appropriate letters in standby mode quickly starts assigned to the application, the location of the phone face down turn speakerphone during a call), HotKnot (you can transfer content from / to a nearby device; feature allows you to share Internet addresses, contact information, photos and videos within a few minutes) and Turbo Download (supports fast downloads of large files through a combination of bandwidth 4G and Wi-Fi).
Archos 55 Helium, Helium Ultra Archos 55 and Archos 55 Helium 4 Seasons will be available from September. the price of respectively 499 zł, 699 zł and 569 zł.
Archos 50f Helium uses Android 6.0 Marshmallow and has a 5-inch IPS display with HD resolution of 1280 x 720 pixels, quad-core processor Qualcomm Snapdragon 210, 2GB of RAM, 32 GB of internal memory, two cameras (8 megapixel autofocus and LED flash at the rear and 2 megapixel front), connectivity 4G / LTE, located at the back of the fingerprint reader, and a removable battery with a capacity of 2000 mAh.
In addition, the smartphone has a design with zaokrąglanymi edges and metal finish, and offers additional features such as Google Now (digital assistant that can answer questions, perform commands in the system and identify useful information to the user), a customizable message lock screen (the new text field, which is a place for motivational quotes, important reminders and badges) and nap ( function extending battery life – uses motion sensors to detect when the smartphone is at rest; are retained then the less important tasks such as Wi-Fi and synchronization, until the phone starts to move again.)
Archos 50f Helium will be available in Poland from October at a price 559 zł. Lite version with 1 GB of RAM and 8 GB of internal memory will cost 469 zł.
JAROSŁAW BALCERZAK • 
